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39/45 en France (WWII)
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base des données identifiées par AJPN.org Une page au hasard 38080 noms de commune 95 départements et l'étranger 1230 lieux d'internement 744 lieux de sauvetage 33 organisations de sauvetage 4342 Justes de France 1072 résistants juifs 15987 personnes sauvées, cachées | ||||||
Expositions pédagogiques AJPN
L'enfant cachée Das versteckte Kind Chronologie 1905/1945 En France dans les communes Les Justes parmi les Nations Républicains espagnols Tsiganes français en 1939-1945 Les lieux d'internement Les sauvetages en France Bibliothèque : 1387 ouvrages Cartographie Glossaire Plan du site Signaler un problème technique |
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Région :
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Préfets :
Paul Grimaud
(1942 - 1944)
Émile Ducommun
(1940 - 1942) Préfet des Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Angelo Chiappe
(16/07/1939 - 24/09/1940) Préfet des Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Maurice Sabatier
(01/05/1942 - 1944) Maurice Roch Antoine Sabatier, Préfet régional de la région de Bordeaux (Basses-Pyrénées, Gironde et Landes) (1897-1989)
François Pierre-Alype
(1941 - 1941) Marie François Jules Pierre dit Pierre-Alype, Préfet régional de la région de Bordeaux (Basses-Pyrénées, Gironde et Landes) (1886-1956)
Gaston Cusin
(30/08/1944 - 18/05/1945) Commissaire régional de la République à la Libération (Basses-Pyrénées, Gironde, Lot-et-Garonne et Landes) (1903-1993)
Léopold Chénaux de Leyritz
(25/06/1940 - 24/01/1944) Léopold Marie Frédéric Chéneaux de Leyritz, Préfet de Haute-Garonne et préfet régional de la région de Toulouse à partir de 1941 (Ariège, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Tarn et Tarn-et-Garonne et les parties non occupées des Basses-Pyrénées, de la Gironde et des Landes (1896-1970)
André Sadon
(24/01/1944 - 06/02/1944) André Paul Sadon, Préfet régional de la région de Toulouse (Ariège, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Tarn et Tarn-et-Garonne et les parties non occupées des Basses-Pyrénées, de la Gironde et des Landes (1891-1965)
Jean Cassou
(1944 - 1944) Commissaire régional de la République de la région de Toulouse (Ariège, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Tarn et Tarn-et-Garonne et les parties non occupées des Basses-Pyrénées, de la Gironde et des Landes (1897-1981)
Pierre Berteaux
(1944 - 1946) Pierre Félix Berteaux, Commissaire régional de la République de la région de Toulouse (Ariège, Gers, Haute-Garonne, Hautes-Pyrénées, Lot, Lot-et-Garonne, Tarn et Tarn-et-Garonne et les parties non occupées des Basses-Pyrénées, de la Gironde et des Landes (1907-1986)
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Gurs 64190 - Pyrénées-Atlantiques | |||||||||||||||||||
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Heinz, 8 ans, et Manfred Mayer, 10 ans, Juifs allemands, originaires de Hoffenheim, en pays de Bade, furent arrêtés en 1940 et convoyés vers le camp français de Gurs, au pied des Pyrénées.
Evacués par André Salomon qui les convoi jusqu'au Château de Larade, dirigé par Helga Holbeck*, ils seront cachés dans un internat catholique, Heinz et Manfred Mayer eurent la vie sauve, alors que leurs parents furent gazés à Auschwitz.
Après guerre, les orphelins amorcent des cheminements très différents. Heinz émigre en Israël, devient Menahem et mène une vie pétrie de judaïsme.
Exilé à New York, Manfred se rebaptise Fred Raymes et s'accomplit en ingénieur athée.
Après un demi-siècle de silence, les frères Mayer reviendront à Gurs, sur les chemins de leur tragédie, pour trouver une forêt plantée à la place du camp...
Biography of Heinz Menachem Mayer
Heinz (Menachem) Mayer is the younger son of Karl Mayer and Mathilde (Hilde) nee Wertheimer. His mother was born on June 8, 1898, and his father was born on September 29, 1894 in Frankfurt but grew up in Hoffenheim in Baden. Karl and Mathilde married in 1927 and gave birth to their older son Manfred (later Fred) in 1929. Heinz was born three years later in 1932. Karl Mayer supported the family as a cattle dealer. He also served as the community's cantor, and the family lived in the apartment adjacent to the synagogue. Hitler came to power the year after Heinz was born, and the family became subject to increasing antisemitic legislation and harassment. Manfred initially attended public school where the teacher singled him out as a Jew and the other children attacked him. However as of 1937, Jewish children were prohibited from attending public school, so Manfred instead traveled 20 kilometers each day by train to attend the Jewish school in Heidelberg. On November 9, 1938 Manfred arrived at school only to be immediately sent home on account of the outbreak of the Kristallnacht pogrom. When he arrived home he discovered his mother trying to save household items while a fire consumed the synagogue next door. The synagogue, which had been built in 1750, was totally destroyed. Karl Mayer was arrested along with almost all adult Jewish men and sent to Dachau. However, since he was a decorated World War I veteran, he was released after a month on 8 December. After Kristallnacht, the family moved in with Ida and Herman Heumann, Karl's aunt and uncle. They continued to live there for the next two years, but on October 22, 1940, they, together with all the entire Jewish population of the districts of the Saar, Palatinate, and Baden were rounded up and deported by train to southern France. There, they were sent to the Gurs concentration camp. Conditions in the camp were horrible, and Mathilde's mother, Wilhelmina Wertheimer, succumbed to disease and perished on 2/26/1942.
However, Andree Solomon, a Jewish aid worker for the OSE (Oeuvre de Secours aux Enfants) working in conjunction with the American Friends Service Committee obtained permission to take 48 children out of the camp. With the consent of their parents, Heinz and Manfred joined the convoy, and on February 24, 1941 they left the camp unaware that they were seeing their parents for the last time. The children were brought to the Maison des Pupilles de la Nation, an orphanage in Aspet run by M. Couvet. In the second half of 1942, Germans began deportations in France to Auschwitz. On August 14, Mathilde and Karl were deported to first to Drancy and then to Auschwitz, as were other members of their family. Andree Solomon decided it had become too dangerous to keep the children in a known children's home and began to disperse them elsewhere. On February 21, 1943, Heinz and Manfred were sent to Chateau de Larade in Toulouse which had previously served as a refuge for Spanish children during their Civil War. About a month later the older children, including Manfred, were sent to Moissac, a home run by the Eclaireurs Israelite (the Jewish Scouts), while Andree Solomon arranged for the younger children, including Heinz, to be smuggled out of France.
In May 1944 Heinz escaped escorted by Jewish women in the resistance group, La Sixieme. He climbed under the barbed wire border fence and arrived in Switzerland on May 25. He then was entrusted to the care of the Poalei Agudas Yisrael, the Orthodox Zionists. Over the next year he lived in several homes including the Alijah Heim in Engelberg where he lived for about a year and a half. When the children were joined by child survivors from Buchenwald, Heinz gained his first inkling of what might have happened to his parents. In May 1947 Menachem was sent to Yeshiva Etz Hayyim Yeshiva in Montreaux, but by then he was tired of living in institutions and did not want to attend an ultra-orthodox yeshiva. He eventually fled the yeshiva, and shaved off his peyote. After first staying with friends, Heinz returned to France to register with the Jewish Agency in Paris. In September 1948 he immigrated to Israel on board the Atzmaut. Menachem married Chava Ban-Cleef from Cologne Germany and went on to become a biology teacher, educational superintendent for the Jerusalem area and finally Director of the World Zionist Organization in Paris.
After separating from his brother, Manfred went to Moissac, a home sponsored by the Jewish boy scouts. When it became too dangerous for him to live openly as a Jew, Manfred was given false papers under the assumed identity of Marcel Mantes, born Feb. 6, 1929 in Saint Gervais d'Auvergene. He was sent to a regional boarding school in Beaumont-de-Lomagne under the pretense that he was a refugee form Alsace. During the summer, he helped out on a farm attending church with the grandmother. Soon after Manfred returned to school in the fall, the Germans requisitioned the building, and Manfred was taken in by a Jewish unit of Maquis and remained with them till end of war. After liberation he returned to Moissac and then lived in Les Moulins which had previously been a Vichy youth home. After OSE helped him find a relative in New York, Manfred made plans to emigrate. He visited Menachem in Switzerland to see if he would join him in the United States. Menachem, however, was determined to immigrate to Israel and so the brothers each went their own way.
Manfred sailed to the United States on December 8, 1946 on the Ile de France and arrived four days later sponsored by his relative Adolph Heumann. Adolph Heumann greeted him at the dock and invited him home. He was the owner of several butcher shops and hoped Manfred would work with him. After Manfred expressed his desire to continue his education instead, he moved out and worked his way through his schooling eventually becoming an aeronautical engineer. Ironically while in the army he worked at the Redstone Arsenal in Alabama where Werner von Braun and other Nazi rocket scientists were also working. Desiring to separate himself from his Jewish background which had brought so much pain, he anglicized his name to Frederick Raymes (an anagram of Mayer). He and Menachem corresponded on occasion over the years. In 1972, Fred visited Israel and reunited with Menachem for the first time in 26 years. Since then, the brothers visited Germany and Auschwitz together and coauthored their memoir "Are the Trees in Bloom Over There?"
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Paul Joseph dit Joseph Bourson Arrêté comme otage et fusillé le 11 juin 1944 à Mussidan (Dordogne), Blog
2 pages,
réalisation 2011 Liens externes
Cet article n'est pas encore renseigné par l'AJPN, mais n'hésitez pas à le faire afin de restituer à cette commune sa mémoire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Auteur :
Alain LAPLACE
Article rédigé à l'occasion de mes recherches généalogiques, puis la mise en ligne d'un blog (http://majoresorum.eklablog.com)dédié à la famille BOURSON qui a été expulsée en 1940 du village de Vigy (Moselle) et réfugiée à Mussidan (Dordogne) et les villages alentours où elle a vécu toute la durée de la guerre. Plusieurs personnes natives de Vigy faisaient partie des 52 otages fusillés le 11 juin 1944.
1 Comité national français en hommage à Aristides de Sousa Mendes
2 Connus ou inconnus mais Justes (C’est dans le sillon creusé par Aristides de Sousa Mendès, Madeleine Barot, Charles Altorffer, Marc Boegner, Henry Dupuy, Raoul Laporterie… que s'ancre le souvenir de tous ces Justes que la modestie pourrait renvoyer à l’oubli et à l’indifférence.
Ce livret du Crif Sud-Ouest Aquitaine, écrit et coordonné par Hellen Kaufmann, présidente de l'AJPN, rend hommage à chacun des 225 Justes récompensés à ce jour en Aquitaine. La moindre des choses était de leur permettre de dire et de déposer leur histoire, pour que l’avenir ne les oublie plus jamais, ni eux ni les anonymes qui ont aidé au sauvetage de Juifs. )
3 Victime en représailles à Mussidan
4 Souvenir Français Loudun - GABORIAUD Alphonse (Site du Souvenir Français - Comité de Loudun Page GABORIAUD Alphonse )
5 Souvenir Français Loudun - ROWEK Albert (Souvenir Français Comité de Loudun - Page ROWEK Albert )
6 Les neufs jours de Sousa Mendes - Os nove dias de Sousa Mendes (Documentaires de Mélanie Pelletier, 2012.
Avec António de Moncada de Sousa Mendes, Andrée Lotey, Elvira Limão, Hellen Kaufmann, Manuel Dias Vaz, Irene Flunser Pimentel, Esther Mucznik, José Caré júnior, Marie-Rose Faure, Maria Barroso… et António de Oliveira Salazar, Charles de Gaulle, le Maréchal Philippe Pétain, et le rabin Haïm Kruger. )
7 De l'autre côté des nuages
8 Marsac 23210 La population remerciée (Article du Journal La Montagne du 04/07/2021: la population est remerciée pour avoir protégé des familles juives. Trois familles ont été honorées. )
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